.png.webp)
The 10 Best Baby Monitors in Australia for 2026
Updated: October 2026
By One Fine Baby Editorial Team
There are a few things that become surprisingly important once you have a baby. Coffee, for one. A decent night's sleep, for another. And being able to check on your little one without sneaking into their room every five minutes? Absolutely priceless.
But with so many baby monitors on the market, finding the right one can feel like a whole lot of research. Do you need Wi-Fi or is a non-Wi-Fi baby monitor better? Is a camera enough, or would you prefer something that tracks sleep patterns, movement or even your baby's pulse rate? And are all those fancy features actually worth paying extra for?
To make things easier, we've rounded up the best baby monitors in Australia for 2026, from affordable video monitors with dedicated screens to clever smart baby monitors with AI-powered alerts and wearable technology. Whether you're setting up your first nursery, upgrading your current monitor or looking for something you can take travelling, we've covered the features, benefits and little details worth knowing before you buy.
Because while a baby monitor can't promise a full night's sleep (we wish!), finding one that suits your family can make those middle-of-the-night check-ins a whole lot easier.
For a hands-on test before you buy, see our 2026 expo dates.
The Best Baby Monitors in Australia in 2026:
Price: $259
The Tweetycam baby monitor is for parents who want the best non-WiFi baby on the market, without breaking their budget. This award-winning baby camera uses a direct, private connection between camera and monitor, and requires no passwords, no app downloads, and no internet.
What makes it different?
Founded by an Aussie mum who couldn't find a monitor that was easy, durable, and secure, Tweetycam stands out as the parent-led baby monitor brand, designed to make life a little easier for new parents.
This monitor skips Wi-Fi entirely and uses a local, encrypted FHSS connection, so your feed never touches the internet. This reduces exposure to internet-based security risks, and means it doesn’t drop out when the NBN does.
And it doesn't stay in the nursery, either. Tweetycam’s accessories ecosystem lets you mount it, stand it, power it, and pack it, so the same monitor works in the cot, in the park, and in grandma's spare room. Wherever your family sleeps, Tweetycam goes and grows with you. It is the only baby monitor on the market designed to go above and beyond typical nursery use.
Why try it?
- See the whole cot at a glance. Our wide-angle camera view captures more of the room in a single frame, so you can check on your little one without panning around to look for them, with clear 2x and 4x zoom for a closer look.
- Watch them sleep in perfect clarity, even at night. Best-in-class night vision gives you a clear view in complete darkness, with no red glow from the camera to disturb your baby.
- Be there for your baby, any time. Hear them when they stir with VOX mode, and soothe them from anywhere at home with two-way talk.
- All the features you need, none that you don’t. 12hrs+ battery life, fast charging monitor, split-screen, multi-camera connection, 360° pan and tilt, temperature alerts, and more. All parent-approved and easy to use.
- A versatile accessories ecosystem that goes and grows with your family. Mount it, stand it, power it, or pack it. The same monitor that works in your nursery can pull double-duty in the living room, at the grandparents' place, or even off-grid.
Key features
- Plug-and-play setup, no installation required
- Secure FHSS connection, no WiFi needed
- Up to 12 hours battery life for the monitor
- Wide-angle lens with 360° pan-and-tilt, for full room view
- Large 5" screen with clear 2x and 4x zoom
- Long-range connection up to 200m, tested in Aussie homes
- Advanced night vision and night-friendly backlit buttons
- Plays soothing sounds, lullabies, and white noise
- Two-way communication
- Temperature sensor and alerts
- Split-screen view
- Connects to up to 4 cameras
- FREE monitor protective case included
Customer review
""I have waited a couple weeks to review this to make sure my review is genuine and I can say with full confidence this baby monitor is elite! I struggled to settle one which one to get. It’s affordable, so easy to set up and doesn’t use wifi! The range is incredible with the built in antenna. Sensitivity setting, pan/tilt setting and the white noise is amazing. This gives me such peace of mind having a shower while being away from my little baby and I genuinely can not fault it."" - Carmella S (via Product Review) 11, March 2026
Price: $209
If you like the idea of checking in on your baby without relying on Wi-Fi, downloading another app or handing over your phone, the Peekyboo Essential is definitely worth a look. This Australian-designed baby monitor keeps things refreshingly simple but seriously effective, with a 1080p wide-angle camera, a dedicated 5-inch parent screen and a private, non-Wi-Fi connection that works straight out of the box.
At $209, it's also an affordable option for parents who want the features they'll actually use, without paying extra for technology they might not need.
Why it's different
The Peekyboo Essential manages to pack plenty into a straightforward setup. You can pan, tilt and zoom the camera remotely, check on your little one after dark with automatic night vision and use two-way talk to offer a little reassurance without heading into the nursery.
Battery life is another big plus, with up to 12 hours of continuous use or more than 20 hours in ECO mode. And if you're planning on expanding your family, the ability to connect up to four cameras, with Split Screen and Scan Mode, means you won't necessarily need to invest in an entirely new system.
Peekyboo is also an Australian brand, offering local customer support and holding membership with 1% for the Planet.
Why try it?
Because sometimes you just want a baby monitor that does its job well, time after time, without unnecessary bells and whistles. The Peekyboo Essential is ready to go in minutes, with no internet connection required. That also makes it a handy option for weekends away, sleepovers at the grandparents' or anywhere you don't want to deal with unfamiliar Wi-Fi networks.
The rechargeable parent screen offers up to 300 metres in open spaces, giving you flexibility to move around the house while staying connected. Built-in lullabies, white noise and VOX sound activation round out a practical set of everyday features.
Key features
- Private non-Wi-Fi connection: Uses 2.4 GHz FHSS technology, with no internet, smartphone or app required.
- 1080p wide-angle camera: Clear video on a dedicated 5-inch colour parent monitor.
- Long battery life: Up to 12 hours of continuous use or 20+ hours in ECO mode.
- Remote pan, tilt and zoom: Adjust your view without entering the nursery.
- Automatic infrared night vision: Check on your baby in low light.
- Two-way talk: Speak to your little one through the monitor.
- VOX sound activation: Responds to sounds from the nursery.
- Built-in lullabies and white noise: Extra options for settling your baby.
- Up to 300m open-field range: Actual range varies with walls and obstacles.
- Expandable to four cameras: Includes Split Screen and Scan Mode for monitoring multiple rooms.
Real customer reviews
"The Peekyboo team have been fantastic to deal with! Recently we had a power surge in the house which caused the camera to malfunction. After some quick googling and troubleshooting, I emailed Peekyboo customer support. The reply was very quick and they were able to talk me through further troubleshooting options, which ultimately fixed my cameras. The emails I received back were professional, supportive, quick, informative and also acknowledged my situation. Very impressed with the customer service."
"I honestly couldn’t recommend Peekyboo enough! Unfortunately, I think my toddler managed to get his little hands on it and damaged the button. Even though it was outside of the warranty period, the Peekyboo team were absolutely amazing and went above and beyond to help us. Their communication was so lovely and they made the whole process so easy. It’s honestly so refreshing to deal with a company that genuinely cares about their customers and stands behind their products. Thank you Peekyboo for your amazing support and for making everything so easy. We really appreciate it and would happily recommend Peekyboo to other parents!"
Price: $699
If you’re looking for a baby monitor that goes beyond simply watching your little one sleep, the Oricom Guardian Pro is one of the most advanced options on the market right now. Combining a traditional video monitor with a wearable sleep tracker, this all-in-one system is designed to give parents a deeper understanding of their baby’s sleep patterns and overall wellbeing, without needing to hover over the cot all night.
What makes it different?
The standout feature of the Oricom Guardian Pro Sleep Tracker + Video Baby Monitor is the wearable ankle monitor, which tracks your baby’s key vitals including heart rate, oxygen levels, temperature and movement. It gives you data-driven insights into how your baby is actually sleeping.
It also pairs with a full HD video monitor and a dedicated parent unit, as well as the HubbleClub app, where you can access sleep reports, alerts and even personalised sleep insights. Add in features like pan, tilt and zoom camera control, infrared night vision, two-way talk and built-in lullabies, and it’s a seriously comprehensive setup.
Smart home compatibility (think voice control via Alexa or Google Assistant) and cloud video recording round out the experience, making this feel more like a connected parenting hub than just a monitor.
Why try it?
For parents who want more reassurance (especially in those early newborn months) the Guardian Pro offers an extra layer of confidence. Being able to track sleep quality and wellness metrics can help you spot patterns, understand disruptions and feel more informed about your baby’s needs.
It’s particularly appealing for tech-savvy families or anyone who loves the idea of combining multiple baby essentials into one streamlined system. Instead of juggling a monitor, a sleep tracker and an app, everything lives in one place, making nights (and your mental load) that little bit easier.
If peace of mind is your top priority, this is one of the most feature-rich baby monitors available in Australia right now.
Price: $329.95
What makes it different?
The Drift Home is a first-of-its-kind baby monitor designed with both parents and little ones in mind. Created by the experts in baby sleepwear, this monitor from ergopouch is cleverly designed to fit seamlessly into your home and routine.
The reason it’s so impressive is because the Drift Home has the ability to read the temperature of your baby’s room, and use the built-in Smart TOG Guide to make real-time, personalised TOG-rated recommendations on how to dress your baby for sleep.
Plus, the tech is unmatched! Equipped with sound, motion, temperature and feeding alarms, this monitor helps you keep track of your routine while ensuring your baby’s safety. The feeding and/or nappy change alarms help ensure you’re staying on top of your baby’s needs in those early days, while the temperature alarms can alert you when the degree in the room drops below or too high above a specified temperature.
Why try it?
Whether you’re a first-time parent or expanding your family, the Drift Home Baby Monitor and Smart TOG Guide serve as the perfect companion for modern parenting while giving you peace of mind.
Designed to go beyond the baby monitor camera basics, the Drift Home is equipped with all the standard features you would expect in a baby monitor as well as innovative tools to ensure your baby’s safety and comfort during sleep, such as sound and motion detection that ensures your baby’s cries are heard, with a visual icon displayed on the screen for added reassurance. There’s also five soothing sounds and three calming night lights that help to create the ideal sleep environment for your baby.
The ergopouch Drift Home baby monitor also prioritises your family’s privacy by eliminating the risk of hacking through its no Wi-FI technology.
What makes it different?
Price: $599
If there's one thing babies aren't particularly interested in, it's sticking to the same sleep routine wherever you go. Which is why the Nanit Smart Baby Monitor with Flex Stand is such a clever option for families on the move. Combining the brand's popular smart baby camera with a portable, flexible stand, it lets you keep an eye on your little one whether they're sleeping in their nursery, a bedside bassinet or at the grandparents' house. With HD video, breathing motion monitoring and detailed sleep insights, there's plenty of clever technology packed into this compact setup.
Why it's different
The standout feature is the Flex Stand, which makes it easy to move your Nanit camera between rooms or take it travelling without permanently installing anything. But it's the monitoring technology that really sets it apart. The 1080p HD camera delivers a clear view of baby, while the included Nanit Breathing Wear Band features a special pattern that the camera uses to track breathing movements. That means no electronic sensors, wires or batteries attached to your baby. Add smart alerts for crying and movement, plus sleep tracking through Nanit Insights, and you've got much more than your average baby monitor.
Why try it?
For parents who want the benefits of a smart baby monitor without committing to a permanent nursery setup, the Nanit is a lovely choice. You can check on your baby through the app, speak to them using two-way audio and monitor room temperature and humidity, all from your phone. The sleep insights are particularly handy if you're trying to make sense of changing nap patterns, while the portable stand makes overnight trips and holidays a little easier. And if you eventually want a more permanent setup, you can purchase a compatible floor stand or wall mount separately.
Key features
- 1080p HD video with automatic infrared night vision
- Portable Flex Stand for moving between rooms and travelling
- 130-degree wide-angle camera view
- Wi-Fi connectivity through the Nanit app
- Breathing motion monitoring using the included Breathing Wear Band
- Smart notifications for crying, sound and movement
- Sleep tracking and personalised insights through Nanit Insights
- Two-way audio to talk to baby remotely
- Built-in white noise and soothing sounds
- Room temperature and humidity monitoring
- Compatible with iOS and Android devices
- Includes Nanit Pro Camera, Flex Stand, small Breathing Wear Band, USB-C cable and power adapter
- One-year Australian warranty
- Some advanced sleep insights require a paid subscription after the introductory period
Price: $199.95
Not every parent wants a baby monitor that connects to their phone, tracks sleep patterns or comes with a monthly subscription. Sometimes, you just want to see and hear your baby without any fuss! The Baby Studio Sleepeasy Sonno 5" Crystal Clear Baby Monitor keeps things refreshingly simple, with a generous 5-inch screen, clear night vision and a camera you can move remotely to keep an eye on your little one. There's no Wi-Fi to connect, no app to download and no complicated setup. Just a reliable way to check on bub while you get on with everything else.
Why it's different?
The Sonno combines the simplicity of a traditional non-Wi-Fi baby monitor with some seriously handy features. Its remote pan-and-tilt camera lets you adjust the view directly from the parent screen, so you don't need to sneak into the nursery every time your baby rolls out of sight. It also offers a transmission range of up to 300 metres, infrared night vision and the ability to connect up to four cameras. And because it uses a dedicated wireless connection rather than your home internet, you don't need to worry about Wi-Fi outages interrupting your monitoring.
Why try it?
For parents who want a straightforward baby monitor without spending a fortune, the Sonno ticks plenty of boxes. The large screen makes it easy to check on your baby, while two-way audio means you can offer a few reassuring words without getting out of bed. There's also room temperature monitoring, built-in lullabies and the option to record footage onto an SD card. It's particularly appealing for families who prefer a dedicated parent monitor rather than relying on their phone, and for anyone looking for an affordable alternative to more expensive smart baby monitors.
Key features
- Large 5-inch (12.7cm) LCD parent display
- Secure, dedicated wireless connection with no Wi-Fi required
- Remote pan-and-tilt camera controlled from the parent monitor
- Transmission range of up to 300 metres
- Infrared night vision with a range of up to 5 metres
- Two-way audio for talking to baby
- Room temperature monitoring and alerts
- Noise monitoring
- Built-in lullabies
- Supports up to four cameras, with additional cameras sold separately
- SD card slot for local video recording (card sold separately)
- Flexible shelf or wall mounting, with wall-mount kit included
- No app or subscription fees
- One-year manufacturer's warranty
Price: $499.99
If you're the kind of parent who finds yourself checking on your sleeping baby every five minutes, the Owlet Dream Sock offers a little more information about what's happening while they're snoozing. Unlike traditional baby monitors that rely on a camera or microphone, this clever wearable slips comfortably around your baby's foot, tracking their pulse rate, oxygen levels and sleep patterns in real time. The information is sent straight to your phone through the Owlet Dream App, so you can check in without tiptoeing into the nursery for the tenth time.
Why it's different
The Owlet Dream Sock is a medically certified smart baby monitor, listed on the Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods (ARTG). Using pulse oximetry technology, it monitors baby's pulse rate and blood oxygen saturation, sending notifications through the app and included Base Station if readings fall outside preset ranges. It also tracks sleep trends and wakings, giving parents a more detailed picture of their little one's sleep habits than a traditional video monitor.
Why try it?
For parents who love having information at their fingertips, there's plenty to appreciate about the Dream Sock. You can view live readings, look back at sleep trends and use the app's predictive sleep technology to help understand when your baby might be ready for their next nap. The soft fabric socks come in two sizes to accommodate growing feet, while the rechargeable sensor is designed for overnight use. It's a particularly interesting option for families who want additional monitoring information alongside their usual safe-sleep routine.
Key Features
- Tracks baby's pulse rate and blood oxygen saturation (SpO₂)
- Provides live health readings through the Owlet Dream App
- Sends notifications when readings move outside preset ranges
- Monitors sleep patterns, wakings and historical trends
- Predictive Sleep technology helps estimate upcoming sleep windows
- Medically certified and included on Australia's ARTG
- Designed for healthy babies aged 0–18 months, weighing 2.5–13.6kg
- Includes four washable fabric socks, covering two sizes and both feet
- Rechargeable sensor with up to 16 hours of battery life
- Base Station provides audible and visual notifications
- Compatible with iOS and Android devices
- Optional Owlet360 subscription for additional features
- Available in Mint and other colour options
- Does not include a video camera
Price: $319
Who knew a baby monitor could be this cute? With its candy-inspired design and gorgeous turquoise colour, the Lollipop Smart Baby Camera looks more like a stylish nursery accessory than a piece of technology. But there's plenty of clever functionality behind that playful exterior. This Wi-Fi baby monitor lets you check on your little one from your smartphone or tablet, with clear video, crying alerts, night vision and soothing sounds to help you keep an eye and ear on bub, day or night.
Why it's different
The Lollipop's biggest selling point is its wonderfully flexible design. Rather than relying on a bulky stand, the camera has a bendable silicone stem that can be positioned in different ways, including using the supplied wall mount or standing it on a flat surface. Its smart crying detection is another standout, distinguishing baby's cries from everyday background noise and sending an alert to your phone. There's also crossing detection, which can notify you when your little one moves beyond a designated area in the camera's view.
Why try it
If you're looking for a baby monitor that's easy to move between rooms, doesn't take over the nursery and offers plenty of smart features, the Lollipop is worth a look. You can check the live feed while you're elsewhere in the house, use two-way audio to talk to baby and play white noise or lullabies through the built-in speaker. It's particularly handy for families who prefer monitoring through their phone rather than keeping track of another screen. Plus, you can connect multiple Lollipop cameras as your family grows.
Key features
- Full HD 1080p video with infrared night vision
- Wi-Fi connectivity with monitoring via smartphone, tablet or computer
- Flexible silicone stem for versatile positioning
- Smart crying detection with phone notifications
- Crossing detection to monitor movement beyond a designated area
- Two-way audio for talking to baby
- Built-in white noise, soothing sounds and classical music
- 128-degree viewing angle
- Background audio monitoring
- Multiple-camera support
- Optional Lollipop Sensor for temperature, humidity and air-quality monitoring
- Available in Turquoise, Cotton Candy and Pistachio
- Requires Wi-Fi and a continuous power connection
Price: $449.95
Can't decide between a traditional baby monitor with its own screen and a smart monitor you can check from your phone? The eufy Baby Monitor E21 gives you both. With a 4K camera, a dedicated 5-inch display and the option to switch between local and Wi-Fi monitoring, it's designed for parents who want the convenience of smart technology without relying on an internet connection all the time. There's even a rechargeable battery built into the camera, making it easier to move between rooms or take along on family holidays.
Why it's different
The standout feature is its hybrid connection. You can use the dedicated parent monitor over a local connection without Wi-Fi, or connect through the eufy app when you want to check in remotely. The 4K camera delivers beautifully detailed video, with pan, tilt and zoom controls that let you get a closer look without entering the nursery. Unlike many baby monitors that need to stay plugged into the wall, the E21 also has a built-in camera battery, giving you more flexibility over where you position it.
Why try it?
For families who want a baby monitor that can adapt to different situations, the E21 is a clever choice. Keep the parent screen beside your bed for overnight monitoring, check the app when you're away from home or move the camera into another room without immediately hunting for a power point. The wide viewing range is handy as babies become more mobile, while features like night vision and two-way audio make it easy to keep an eye and ear on your little one. It's particularly appealing if you like the idea of smart monitoring but still want a separate screen for everyday use.
Key Features
- 4K UHD camera with a dedicated 5-inch parent monitor
- Hybrid connectivity with local, non-Wi-Fi monitoring and optional app access
- 330° pan, 60° tilt and up to 8x zoom
- Rechargeable camera with a 5,000mAh battery
- Night vision for checking on baby after dark
- Two-way audio
- Remote viewing through the eufy app when connected to Wi-Fi
- Local video storage using a compatible microSD card, sold separately
- Split-screen monitoring when paired with a second compatible camera
- Active noise reduction to help minimise background sounds
- Suitable for use at home or while travelling
Price: $499
If you're the kind of parent who finds themselves checking the baby monitor approximately 47 times after bedtime, the CuboAi Smart Baby Monitor 3 might be right up your alley. This clever little camera does much more than let you peek into the nursery. With AI-powered alerts for covered faces, rollovers, crying and coughing, it helps parents stay informed about what's happening in their baby's cot. Add crystal-clear 2.5K video, detailed sleep reports and a seriously cute bird-shaped design, and you've got one of the most feature-packed smart baby monitors around.
Why it's different
While most baby monitors let you see and hear your little one, the CuboAi Smart Baby Monitor 3 takes things further with intelligent detection technology. Its AI-powered features can identify when baby's face appears covered or they've rolled over, sending notifications directly to your phone. It also offers cough detection, automatic growth tracking and sleep analytics, helping parents get a clearer picture of their baby's routines. The 2.5K QHD camera delivers beautifully detailed video, even at night, while the included floor stand gives you an overhead view of the cot without needing to mount anything to the wall.
Why try it
For parents who love having all the information at their fingertips, there's plenty to appreciate here. You can check on your baby through the CuboAi app, speak to them using two-way audio and even play lullabies or white noise without entering the nursery. The monitor also tracks room temperature and humidity, offers video playback and lets you share access with up to eight family members. It's particularly appealing for parents who want more than a traditional video monitor and would appreciate the extra insights that smart technology can provide.
Key features
- 2.5K QHD video resolution with night vision
- AI-powered covered-face and rollover alerts
- Cry and cough detection with smartphone notifications
- Sleep analytics, including sleep duration and wake-up patterns
- Up to three full days of video playback
- Automatic baby growth tracking
- Two-way audio for talking to baby remotely
- Built-in night light, lullabies and white noise
- Room temperature and humidity monitoring
- Secure Wi-Fi connection and app-based monitoring
- Access sharing for up to eight family members
- Includes floor stand and mobile stand
- One-year CuboAi Care Premium trial included, with some features requiring a subscription afterwards
FAQs About Baby Monitors in Australia
What is the best baby monitor in Australia for 2026?
The best baby monitor in Australia for 2026 depends on your family’s needs, nursery setup and budget. Many parents look for features such as HD video quality, night vision, smartphone connectivity and sleep tracking. Smart baby monitors with AI-powered alerts and remote viewing are increasingly popular for added peace of mind. Testing baby monitors in person can help parents compare video clarity, app usability and monitoring range before purchasing.
Are Wi-Fi baby monitors safe to use?
Wi-Fi baby monitors are generally safe when connected to secure home networks and updated regularly with the latest software. Parents should use strong passwords, enable two-factor authentication where possible and keep apps updated to improve security. Many modern baby monitors now include encrypted video streaming and secure cloud storage. Wi-Fi monitors also offer convenient remote viewing and smart alerts for parents wanting flexible nursery monitoring.
What features should I look for in a baby monitor?
When choosing a baby monitor, important features include video quality, night vision, two-way audio, motion detection and monitoring range. Many parents also value smartphone connectivity, sleep tracking and temperature monitoring. Portable baby monitors with easy setup and app notifications can be especially useful for modern families. The best baby monitor should provide reliable performance, clear audio and peace of mind both day and night.
What is the difference between Wi-Fi and non-Wi-Fi baby monitors?
Wi-Fi baby monitors connect to your smartphone or tablet through an app, allowing remote viewing from anywhere with internet access. Non-Wi-Fi baby monitors use a dedicated parent unit and do not require internet connectivity. Wi-Fi monitors often include smart alerts, sleep tracking and cloud storage features, while non-Wi-Fi models are preferred by some parents for their simplicity, privacy and direct local connection.
Are baby monitors necessary for newborns?
While baby monitors are not essential for every family, many parents find them helpful during the newborn stage. A baby monitor allows parents to check on sleep, monitor sounds and move around the home while staying connected to their baby. Video baby monitors with night vision and audio alerts can provide additional reassurance during naps and overnight sleep, especially in larger homes or separate nursery spaces.
Can baby monitors track sleep and breathing?
Many modern smart baby monitors now offer sleep tracking, breathing monitoring and movement alerts through app-based technology. Some AI-powered monitors can detect crying, rollover movement or if a baby’s face becomes covered during sleep. While these features can provide reassurance for parents, baby monitors should never replace safe sleep practices or medical advice. Parents should always follow current Australian safe sleeping guidelines.
What is the best baby monitor for travel?
The best baby monitor for travel is lightweight, portable and easy to set up in different environments. Many parents prefer compact Wi-Fi baby monitors that connect directly to smartphones, reducing the need for bulky parent units. Features such as flexible mounting, rechargeable batteries and remote monitoring are especially useful for holidays and overnight stays. Portable baby monitors can help parents maintain peace of mind while travelling with young children.
How much should I spend on a baby monitor?
Baby monitor prices in Australia vary depending on features, video quality and smart technology. Basic audio monitors are often more affordable, while premium smart baby monitors with HD video, app connectivity and AI alerts can cost significantly more. Parents should focus on the features most important to their family, such as portability, remote access or sleep tracking. Investing in a reliable baby monitor can provide long-term convenience and reassurance.
